What is considered as hardware in computer systems?

The correct answer identifies hardware as the physical components that constitute a computer system. Hardware includes items such as the computer's central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drives, monitor, keyboard, and printer. These tangible elements work together to perform the functions that allow software applications to operate, process data, and carry out tasks.

The other options represent different aspects of computing systems. Software applications refer to the programs and operating systems that provide instructions for the hardware to execute tasks. Network protocols are sets of rules governing data transmission over networks, serving as the language for communication between devices. Online storage solutions encompass cloud services that store data remotely, which relies on underlying hardware but is distinctly categorized as a service or software environment. Understanding these differences clarifies the role each component plays in a computer system.